osi-tools/bin/osi-mk

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright (C) 2018  Luke Shumaker
# Copyright (C) 2023-2024  Umorpha Systems
# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
declare -r NAME=osi-mk
declare -r VERSION=20231023

# Why is this different than mkosi[1]?
#
# - mkosi claims to be "legacy-free"--but they call everything that's
#   not systemd "legacy"; that clearly won't do for creating OpenRC
#   images.
#
# - mkosi claims to be "legacy-free", only supporting GPT
#   disk-labels--but btrfs can be booted directly, without a separate
#   disk-label, or a separate ESP partition.  To a btrfs disk, GPT/ESP
#   is legacy.
#
# - Using a raw btrfs disk means that it can easily be mounted without
#   first dissecting the disk-label.
#
# [1]: https://github.com/systemd/mkosi

set -euE -o pipefail
shopt -s expand_aliases

install_prefix="$(realpath --logical --canonicalize-missing -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}/../..")"
readonly install_prefix

source "${install_prefix}/lib/osi.sh"
source "${install_prefix}/lib/argparse.sh"

# Module-facing functions ######################################################

loaded_modules=()
load_module() {
	local module
	if ! [[ -f $1 ]]; then
		argparse:error 'Module does not exist: %s' "$1"
		return
	fi
	module="$(realpath -- "$1")"
	if osi.sh:in_array "$module" "${loaded_modules[@]}"; then
		return 0
	fi
	loaded_modules+=("$module")
	# shellcheck source=/dev/null
	source "$1"
}

# Internal functions ###########################################################

beg_indent() {
	exec 8> >(
		osi.sh:printf -v prefix -- "$@"
		# shellcheck disable=SC2154 # false-positive, doesn't understand `osi.sh:printf -v`
		"${install_prefix}/lib/indent" "$NAME [$prefix] "
	)
	_indent_pid=$!
}

alias end_indent=' </dev/null >&8; exec 8<&-; wait $_indent_pid'

normalize_size() {
	local size ref_file
	size=$1
	ref_file=$2

	if [[ $size =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
		echo "$size"
		return
	fi

	# Use truncate(1) to do this.  It's a little gross, but
	# because TMPDIR is likely on tmpfs, it's time-cheap, and
	# because of sparse files, it's space-cheap.
	local tmpfile
	tmpfile=$(mktemp -t -- "${0##*/}.size.XXXXXXXXXX")
	trap "rm -- ${tmpfile@Q}" EXIT
	case "$size" in
		'+'*|'-'*|'<'*|'>'*|'/'*|'%'*)
			truncate --reference="$ref_file" --size="$size" -- "$tmpfile";;
		*)
			truncate --size="$size" -- "$tmpfile";;
	esac
	stat --format='%s' -- "$tmpfile"
}

# Built-in hooks ###############################################################

osi-mk:genfstab() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1
	{
		# This header mimics the stock fstat from 'filesystem'.
		echo '# Static information about the filesystems.'
		echo '# See fstab(5) for details.'
		echo
		{
			# This doesn't quite mimic the header from 'filesystem'
			#
			# - I swapped "file system" for "device", for clarity,
			#   and so that it's one word for `column -t`.
			# - I swapped "pass" for "fsck", for clarity.
			# - I removed the space after the "#", so it works with
			#   `column -t`.
			echo '#<device> <mountpoint> <type> <options> <dump> <fsck>'
			if type format_genfstab:"$arg_fmt" &>/dev/null; then
				format_genfstab:"$arg_fmt" "$arg_mountpoint"
			else
				genfstab -t uuid "$arg_mountpoint" | grep '^[#]' | awk '$3 != "swap"'
			fi
		} | column -t
	} >"${arg_mountpoint}/etc/fstab"
}

osi-mk:directories() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1
	local spec outside inside
	for spec in "${arg_directories[@]}"; do
		outside="${spec%:*}"
		inside="${spec#"${outside}:"}"
		# TODO: maybe rsync would be better?
		mkdir -p -- "$(dirname -- "${arg_mountpoint}/${inside}")"
		osi.sh:print 'Copying %q to %q:%q' "$outside" "$arg_file" "$inside"
		cp -aT --no-preserve=ownership -- "$outside" "${arg_mountpoint}/${inside}"
	done
}

osi-mk:hostname() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1

	echo "${arg_conf[hostname]}" >"$arg_mountpoint/etc/hostname"
}

osi-mk:machine-id() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1

	case "${arg_conf[machine-id]}" in
		auto) :;; # leave it alone
		none) rm -f -- "$arg_mountpoint/etc/machine-id";;
		*) echo "${arg_conf[machine-id]}" >"$arg_mountpoint/etc/machine-id";;
	esac
}

osi-mk:mkinitcpio() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1
	osi.sh:print 'Configuring mkinitcpio to include all drivers'
	mkdir -p -- "$arg_mountpoint/etc/mkinitcpio.conf.d"
	cat >"$arg_mountpoint/etc/mkinitcpio.conf.d/osi-mk.conf" <<'EOF'
#!/hint/bash
# Copyright (C) 2023  Umorpha Systems
# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

# Remove 'autodetect' from HOOKS; include all drivers.
for ((i=0; i<${#HOOKS[@]}; i++)); do
	if [[ ${HOOKS[i]} == autodetect ]]; then
		HOOKS=("${HOOKS[@]:0:i}" "${HOOKS[@]:i+1}")
	fi
done
EOF
}

osi-mk:grub-install() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1

	local target=${arg_conf[bootloader]#grub-}
	if [[ $target == arm-uboot-* ]]; then
		target=arm-uboot
	fi

	# shellcheck disable=SC2016
	arch-chroot -- "$arg_mountpoint" sh -c \
		    "grub-install --target=${target} "'"$(awk '\''$2 == "/" { print $1 }'\'' </proc/mounts)"'
}

osi-mk:grub-mkconfig() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1
	arch-chroot -- "$arg_mountpoint" grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
}

osi-mk:source-date-epoch() {
	local arg_mountpoint=$1

	# Backdate package install dates to 1 second before SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.
	local file
	for file in "$arg_mountpoint"/var/lib/pacman/local/*/desc; do
		awk -v maxdate="$((SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH-1))" '
			BEGIN{
				x=0
			}
			$0 == "%INSTALLDATE%" {
				x=2
			}
			{
				if (x == 1 && $0 > maxdate) {
					print maxdate
				} else {
					print
				}
				x--
			}
		' <"$file" >"$file.tmp"
		mv -T -- "$file.tmp" "$file"
		touch --date="@$((SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH-1))" -- "$file"
	done

	# Backdate pacman.log to 1 second before SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.
	if [[ -f "$arg_mountpoint/var/log/pacman.log" ]]; then
		local old new
		old='^\[....-..-..T..:..:..[-+]....]'
		new="[$(TZ=UTC date --date="@$((SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH-1))" --iso-8601=seconds | sed 's/:00$/00/')]"
		sed -i "s/$old/$new/" -- "$arg_mountpoint/var/log/pacman.log"
		touch --date="@$((SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH-1))" -- "$arg_mountpoint/var/log/pacman.log"
	fi

	# Backdate file timestamps to SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.
	if "${format_is_block["$arg_fmt"]}" || ! "${format_after_clamps_mtime["$arg_fmt"]}"; then
		# Ugg, it's lame that `find` can't find files newer than a
		# timestamp without using a temporary file.
		touch --date="@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH" -- "$arg_mountpoint/.source_date_epoch"
		find "$arg_mountpoint" -xdev -depth \
		     -newer "$arg_mountpoint/.source_date_epoch" \
		     -exec touch --no-dereference --date="@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH" -- {} +
		rm -f -- "$arg_mountpoint/.source_date_epoch"
		touch --date="@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH" -- "$arg_mountpoint/"
	fi
}

# Main #########################################################################

declare -a formats=()
declare -A format_options=()
declare -A format_is_block=()
declare -A format_wants_tmpfs=()
declare -A format_after_clamps_mtime=()
source "${install_prefix}/lib/mk/format-dir.sh"
source "${install_prefix}/lib/mk/format-tar.sh"
source "${install_prefix}/lib/mk/format-btrfs.sh"
source "${install_prefix}/lib/mk/format-erofs.sh"

main() {
	# argparse specifications ##############################################
	#
	# There got to be enough args with enough validation logic
	# that the declare/parse/set/validate locations were all far
	# enough apart that it was hard to maintain.
	#
	# So I factored out an argparse.sh library, so that I could
	# keep the logic for a given argument close to itself.
	#
	# Please don't hate me for failing to KISS or remember that
	# YAGNI; please trust that I did actually "NI".

	opt_specs+=(': --inside : MOUNTPOINT : internal-use only')
	local arg_mountpoint=
	opt_visit:inside() { argparse:setmode inside; arg_mountpoint=$1; }

	opt_specs+=('-e : --edit : [BASE.img] : edit an existing image')
	local arg_edit=false
	local arg_edit_base=''
	opt_visit:edit() { arg_edit=true; arg_edit_base=$1; }
	opt_final:edit() {
		if $arg_edit; then
			# We set arg_file below in opt_positional().
			if ! [[ -e ${arg_edit_base:-$arg_file} ]]; then
				argparse:error 'Image must already exist to --edit: %s' "${arg_edit_base:-$arg_file}"
			fi
		fi
	}

	opt_specs+=(': --disorderfs : : use disorderfs')
	local arg_disorderfs=false
	opt_visit:disorderfs() { arg_disorderfs=true; }

	opt_specs+=('')

	opt_specs+=('-d : --directory : OUTSIDE\:INSIDE : include the given directory')
	local arg_directories=()
	opt_visit:directory() {
		if ! [[ -d "${1%:*}" ]]; then
			argparse:error 'Directory does not exist: %s' "${1%:*}"
			return
		fi
		arg_directories+=("$1")
	}

	opt_specs+=('-m : --module : MOD.sh : include the given module')
	local arg_modules=()
	opt_visit:module() {
		if ! [[ -f $1 ]]; then
			argparse:error 'Module does not exist: %s' "$1"
			return
		fi
		arg_modules+=("$1")
	}

	opt_specs+=('-p : --package : PKGNAME : include the given package (or group)')
	local arg_packages=()
	opt_visit:package() { arg_packages+=("$1"); }

	opt_specs+=('-P : --package-file : PKG.pkg.tar.xz : include the given package file')
	local arg_package_files=()
	opt_visit:package-file() {
		if ! [[ -f "$1" ]]; then
			argparse:error 'Package file does not exist: %s' "$1"
			return
		fi
		arg_package_files+=("$1")
	}

	opt_specs+=('-A : --arch : ARCH : set the CPU architecture')
	local arg_arch=
	arg_arch="$(uname -m)"
	opt_visit_early:arch() {
		if ! [[ -f "/usr/share/pacman/defaults/pacman.conf.$1" ]]; then
			argparse:error 'Invalid --conf=arch= value: %q' "$1"
			return
		fi
		arg_arch=$1
	}
	opt_visit:arch() { :; }

	opt_specs+=(': --pkgconf : KEY=VAL : set which provider of a virtual package to use')
	declare -A arg_pkgconf=(
		[initramfs]=mkinitcpio
		[dbus-units]=dbus-broker-units
	)
	opt_visit:pkgconf() {
		local key val
		key="${1%%=*}"
		val="${1#*=}"
		arg_pkgconf["$key"]="$val"
	}

	arg_fmt=btrfs
	opt_specs+=(": --fmt : FORMAT : set which disk format (${formats[*]}) to use (default: ${arg_fmt})")
	opt_visit_early:fmt() {
		if ! osi.sh:in_array "$1" "${formats[@]}"; then
			argparse:error 'Unrecognized --fmt= value: %q' "$1"
			return
		fi
		arg_fmt=$1
	}
	opt_visit:fmt() { :; }

	opt_specs+=(': --fmtconf : KEY=VAL : set a format-specifc config option')
	declare -A arg_fmtconf=()
	opt_visit:fmtconf() {
		local key val
		key="${1%%=*}"
		val="${1#*=}"
		local valid_format_options
		IFS=' ' read -r -a valid_format_options <<<"${format_options["$arg_fmt"]}"
		if ! osi.sh:in_array "$key" "${valid_format_options[@]}"; then
			argparse:error '--fmt=%s does not accept --fmtconf=%s=' "$arg_fmt" "$key"
			return
		fi
		arg_fmtconf["$key"]="$val"
	}
	opt_final:fmtconf() {
		if "${format_is_block["$arg_fmt"]}" && ! $arg_edit && [[ -z ${arg_fmtconf[size]:-} ]]; then
			argparse:error '--fmt=%s requires specifying --fmtconf=size= when creating a new image' "$arg_fmt"
		fi
		if type format_checkconf:"$arg_fmt" &>/dev/null; then
			format_checkconf:"$arg_fmt"
		fi
	}

	opt_specs+=(': --conf : KEY=VAL : set an osi-mk config option')
	declare -A arg_conf=(
		[bootloader]='' # default is set in opt_final:conf()
		[genfstab]='true'
		[machine-id]='auto'
		[hostname]=''
		[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]=''
	)
	if [[ "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH:-}" =~ ^([0-9]+|auto)$ ]]; then
		arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]="$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"
		arg_orig=(--conf=SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]}" "${arg_orig[@]}")
	fi
	opt_visit:conf() {
		local key val
		key="${1%%=*}"
		val="${1#*=}"
		case "$key" in
			bootloader)
				case "$val" in
					# This is the list as of GRUB 2.12-1.parabola1
					grub-i386-pc) :;;
					grub-i386-efi) :;;
					grub-i386-emu) :;;
					grub-i386-xen) :;;
					grub-i386-qemu) :;;
					grub-i386-ieee1275) :;;
					grub-i386-coreboot) :;;
					grub-i386-multiboot) :;;

					grub-x86_64-efi) :;;
					grub-x86_64-emu) :;;
					grub-x86_64-xen) :;;

					grub-arm-emu) :;;
					grub-arm-uboot) :;;
					grub-arm-uboot-am335x_bone) :;;
					grub-arm-uboot-omap3_beagle) :;;
					grub-arm-uboot-omap3_beagle_xm) :;;
					grub-arm-uboot-omap3_beagle_xm_ab) :;;
					grub-arm-uboot-udoo) :;;

					none) :;;
					*) argparse:error 'Unrecognized --conf=bootloader= value: %q' "$val"; return;;
				esac
				case "$arg_arch" in
					i686)
						case "$val" in
							grub-i386-*) :;;
							grub-*) argparse:error 'Invalid GRUB platform for CPU architecture: %q %q' "$arg_arch" "$val"; return;;
						esac
						;;
					x86_64)
						case "$val" in
							grub-i386-*) :;;
							grub-x86_64-*) :;;
							grub-*) argparse:error 'Invalid GRUB platform for CPU architecture: %q %q' "$arg_arch" "$val"; return;;
						esac
						;;
					armv7h)
						case "$val" in
							grub-arm-*) :;;
							grub-*) argparse:error 'Invalid GRUB platform for CPU architecture: %q %q' "$arg_arch" "$val"; return;;
						esac
						;;
				esac
				;;
			genfstab)
				case "${val,,}" in
					1|t|true|y|yes) val=true;;
					0|f|false|n|no) val=false;;
					*) argparse:error 'Unrecognized --conf=genfstab= value: %q' "$val"; return;;
				esac
				;;
			machine-id)
				if ! [[ "$val" =~ ^(auto|none|[0-9a-f]{32})$ ]]; then
					argparse:error 'Invalid --conf=machine-id= value: %q' "$val"
					return
				fi
				;;
			hostname)
				:
				;;
			SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH)
				if ! [[ "$val" =~ ^([0-9]+|auto|)$ ]]; then
					argparse:error 'Invalid --conf=SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH= value: %q' "$val"
					return
				fi
				;;
			*)
				argparse:error 'Unrecognized flag: --conf=%s' "$key"
				return
				;;
		esac
		arg_conf["$key"]="$val";
	}
	opt_final:conf() {
		if [[ -z "${arg_conf[bootloader]:-}" ]]; then
			case "$arg_arch" in
				x86_64|i686) arg_conf[bootloader]=grub-i386-pc;;
				armv7h)      arg_conf[bootloader]=grub-arm-uboot;;
			esac
		fi
	}

	local arg_file
	opt_positional() {
		if (( $# != 1 )); then
			argparse:error "Expected 1 positional argument, got %d: %s" "$#" "${*@Q}"
			return
		fi
		arg_file=$1
		if [[ "$opt_mode" != inside ]]; then
			if [[ ( $arg_edit = false || -n $arg_edit_base ) && -e $arg_file ]]; then
				argparse:error 'Image file already exists, refusing to overwrite: %s' "$arg_file"
			fi
		fi
	}

	# actually parse the args ##############################################

	local arg_orig=("$@")
	argparse outside "$@"

	#  main ################################################################

	case "$opt_mode" in
		error)
			osi.sh:print "Try '%q --help' for more information" "${0##*/}" >&2
			return $EXIT_INVALIDARGUMENT
			;;
		version)
			osi.sh:print "%s (osi-tools) %s" "$NAME" "$VERSION"
			return $EXIT_SUCCESS
			;;
		help)
			osi.sh:print 'Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILENAME.img' "${0##*/}"
			osi.sh:print 'Operating System Image: Make'
			echo
			osi.sh:print 'Create a mountable, bootable OS image.'
			echo
			osi.sh:print 'OPTIONS:'
			echo "${opt_flaghelp}" | grep -v -e --inside
			return $EXIT_SUCCESS
			;;

		# main code starts here
		outside) # the part that runs as a normal user without the image mounted
			mount_dev="$arg_file"
			mount_opt=''

			beg_indent 'format:before'
			{
				if "${format_is_block["$arg_fmt"]}"; then
					if $arg_edit; then
						if [[ -n $arg_edit_base ]]; then
							cp -T --reflink -- "$arg_edit_base" "$arg_file"
						fi
						old_size=$(stat --format='%s' -- "$arg_file")
						new_size=$old_size
						if [[ -n ${arg_fmtconf[size]:-} ]]; then
							new_size=$(normalize_size "${arg_fmtconf[size]}" "$arg_file")
						fi
						if (( new_size > old_size )); then
							truncate --size="$new_size" -- "$arg_file"
						fi
						format_editfs:"$arg_fmt"
						if (( new_size < old_size )); then
							truncate --size="$new_size" -- "$arg_file"
						fi
					else
						truncate --size="${arg_fmtconf[size]}" -- "$arg_file"
						format_mkfs:"$arg_fmt"
					fi
				else
					if "${format_wants_tmpfs["$arg_fmt"]}"; then
						mount_dev=$(mktemp -dt -- "${0##*/}.dev.XXXXXXXXXX")
						# Make our own tmpfs because $TMPDIR might be mounted
						# with 'noexec' or something.  Also, so we can clean it
						# up without a `sudo rm -rf`.
						osi.sh:sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs:osi-mk "$mount_dev"
						trap "osi.sh:sudo umount ${mount_dev@Q}; rmdir -- ${mount_dev@Q}" EXIT
						mount_opt=bind
					fi
					format_before:"$arg_fmt"
				fi
			} end_indent

			arg_mountpoint=$(mktemp -dt -- "${0##*/}.mnt.XXXXXXXXXX")
			r=0
			osi.sh:sudo -- "${install_prefix}/bin/osi-mount" --root \
			      --rwdir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}" \
			      --rwdir=/var/cache/pacman/pkg \
			      --rwdir=/etc/pacman.d/gnupg \
			      --options="$mount_opt" \
			      -- \
			      "$mount_dev" "$arg_mountpoint" \
			      "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" --inside="$arg_mountpoint" \
			      "${arg_orig[@]}" || r=$?
			rmdir -- "$arg_mountpoint"
			if (( r != 0 )); then
				return $r
			fi

			if ! "${format_is_block["$arg_fmt"]}"; then
				beg_indent 'format:after'
				{
					if "${format_after_clamps_mtime["$arg_fmt"]}"; then
						if [[ "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]:-}" == auto ]]; then
							local file
							for file in "$mount_dev"/var/lib/pacman/local/*/desc; do
								arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]="$(sed -n '/^%INSTALLDATE%$/{n;p;}' -- "$file")"
								break
							done
						fi
						if [[ -n "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]:-}" ]]; then
							export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]}"
						fi
					fi
					format_after:"$arg_fmt"
				} end_indent
			fi

			osi.sh:print '%s Done' "$NAME"
			;;
		inside) # the part that runs as root with the image mounted
			osi.sh:needs_sudo

			_deferred=()
			_do_deferred() {
				for (( i=${#_deferred[@]}-1; i >= 0; i-- )); do
					eval "${_deferred[$i]}"
				done
			}
			trap _do_deferred EXIT
			defer() {
				_deferred+=("$1")
			}

			### Load modules ###
			packages=("${arg_packages[@]}")
			package_files=("${arg_package_files[@]}")
			pre_install=()
			post_install=()
			for module in "${arg_modules[@]}"; do
				load_module "$module"
			done

			### Builtin "modules" ###
			post_install+=(
				10:osi-mk:machine-id
				50:osi-mk:directories
			)
			if "${arg_conf[genfstab]}"; then
				if ! $arg_edit || [[ -n $arg_edit_base ]] || [[ -n "${arg_fmtconf[fsuuid]:-}" ]]; then
					post_install+=(10:osi-mk:genfstab)
				fi
			fi
			case "${arg_conf[bootloader]}" in
				grub-*)
					if [[ "${arg_conf[bootloader]}" == grub-arm-uboot-* ]]; then
						packages+=("grub-${arg_conf[bootloader]#grub-arm-uboot-}")
					else
						packages+=(grub)
					fi
					post_install+=(88:osi-mk:grub-mkconfig) # before 89:osi-mk:source-date-epoch
					if ! $arg_edit; then
						post_install+=(87:osi-mk:grub-install) # before '88:osi-mk:grub-mkconfig'
					fi
					;;
			esac
			case "${arg_conf[initramfs]:-}" in
				mkinitcpio)
					pre_install+=(10:osi-mk:mkinitcpio)
					;;
			esac
			if [[ -n "${arg_conf[hostname]:-}" ]]; then
				post_install+=(10:osi-mk:hostname)
			fi
			if [[ -n "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]:-}" ]]; then
				post_install+=(89:osi-mk:source-date-epoch)
			fi

			### Finalize config  ###
			local tmpdir
			tmpdir="$(mktemp -dt "${0##*/}.XXXXXXXXXX")"
			defer "rmdir -- ${tmpdir@Q}"

			pacman_conf="/usr/share/pacman/defaults/pacman.conf.$arg_arch"

			local pkgfile pkgdeps
			for pkgfile in "${package_files[@]}"; do
				mapfile -t pkgdeps < <(bsdtar xfO "$pkgfile" .PKGINFO | sed -n 's/^depend = //p')
				cache_packages+=("${pkgdeps[@]}")
			done

			cache_packages+=("${packages[@]}")

			### Disorderfs ###
			if $arg_disorderfs; then
				orig_arg_mountpoint=$arg_mountpoint
				arg_mountpoint="$tmpdir/dis"
				mkdir -- "$arg_mountpoint"
				disorderfs --multi-user=yes --shuffle-dirents=yes "$orig_arg_mountpoint" "$arg_mountpoint"
				defer "fusermount -u ${arg_mountpoint@Q}; rmdir ${arg_mountpoint@Q}"
			fi

			### Download ###
			beg_indent 'download:repos'
			{
				# Download syncdbs to the image
				mkdir -p -- "$arg_mountpoint"/var/{lib/pacman,log}
					pacman -r "$arg_mountpoint" --config="$pacman_conf" \
					       -Sy --noconfirm
			} end_indent
			beg_indent 'download:check-config'
			{
				# Validate that the user specified an answer to
				# every question that pacman asks.
				opt_fail=false
				while read -r -a options; do
					name="${options[0]%:}"
					options=("${options[@]:1}")

					base=${name%%[<>=]*}
					if osi.sh:in_array "${arg_pkgconf["$base"]:-}" "${options[@]}" "${options[@]#*/}"; then
						osi.sh:print 'inserting package %s=%s' "$name" "${arg_pkgconf["$base"]}"
						packages+=("${arg_pkgconf["$base"]}")
						cache_packages+=("${arg_pkgconf["$base"]}")
					else
						osi.sh:error 0 "must set option '%q' to one of [%s]" "$base" "${options[*]}"
						opt_fail=true
					fi
				done < <("${install_prefix}/lib/pacman-choices" \
						 -r "$arg_mountpoint" --config="$pacman_conf" \
						 --oneline -- "${cache_packages[@]}")
				if [[ $opt_fail == true ]]; then
					exit $EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED
				fi
			} end_indent
			beg_indent 'download:packages'
			{
				if (( ${#cache_packages[@]} > 0 )); then # this check is important for --edit
					# Download needed packages to the host cache
					pacman -r "$arg_mountpoint" --config="$pacman_conf" \
					       -Syw --noconfirm -- "${cache_packages[@]}"

					# Copy needed packages from host cache to image cache
					mkdir -p -- "$arg_mountpoint"/var/cache/pacman/pkg
					pacman -r "$arg_mountpoint" --config="$pacman_conf" \
					       -Sp --print-format='%l' -- "${cache_packages[@]}" \
						| sed -En 's,^file://(.*),\1\n\1.sig,p' \
						| xargs -d $'\n' -r cp -t "$arg_mountpoint/var/cache/pacman/pkg" --
				fi
			} end_indent

			if [[ "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]:-}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
				osi.sh:print '%s SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=%s' "$NAME" "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]}"
				export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]}"
			fi

			### pre_install ###
			while IFS=: read -r n fn; do
				beg_indent 'pre_install:%s:%s' "$n" "$fn"
				(
					osi.sh:print Begin
					"$fn" "$arg_mountpoint"
					osi.sh:print End
				) end_indent
			done < <([[ "${#pre_install[@]}" == 0 ]] || printf '%s\n' "${pre_install[@]}" | sort)
			rm -f -- "$arg_mountpoint"/var/log/pacman.log

			### Install ###
			beg_indent 'install'
			{
				local pacstrap_flags=(
					-G # don't copy the host's pacman keyring
					-M # don't copy the host's mirrorlist
					-C "$pacman_conf"
					--
					"$arg_mountpoint"
					--hookdir="$arg_mountpoint/etc/pacman.d/hooks" # hack around https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/49347
					--needed # for --edit
				)
				if (( ${#packages[@]} > 0 )); then # this check is important for --edit
					TMPDIR='' pacstrap "${pacstrap_flags[@]}" "${packages[@]}"
				fi
				if (( ${#package_files[@]} > 0 )); then
					TMPDIR='' pacstrap -U "${pacstrap_flags[@]}" "${package_files[@]}"
				fi
				if [[ -f "$arg_mountpoint/var/log/pacman.log" ]]; then
					sed -i "s:${arg_mountpoint}:/mnt:g" -- "$arg_mountpoint/var/log/pacman.log"
				fi
			} end_indent

			if [[ "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]:-}" == auto ]]; then
				# set it to 1 second after the last timestamp from any
				# package (that extra second is so that post-install
				# things can be timestamped after the package files).
				arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]=$(($({
					zcat "$arg_mountpoint"/var/lib/pacman/local/*/mtree | grep -o 'time=[0-9]*' | cut -d= -f2
					cat /var/lib/pacman/local/*/desc | sed -n '/^%BUILDDATE%$/{n;p;}'
				} | sort -n | tail -n1) + 1))
			fi
			if [[ -n "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]:-}" ]]; then
				osi.sh:print '%s SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=%s' "$NAME" "${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]}"
				export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="${arg_conf[SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH]}"
			fi

			### post_install ###
			while IFS=: read -r n fn; do
				beg_indent 'post_install:%s:%s' "$n" "$fn"
				(
					osi.sh:print Begin
					"$fn" "$arg_mountpoint"
					osi.sh:print End
				) end_indent
			done < <([[ "${#post_install[@]}" == 0 ]] || printf '%s\n' "${post_install[@]}" | sort)
			;;

		*) osi.sh:bug 'unknown opt_mode: %s' "$opt_mode";;
	esac
}

main "$@"